Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the second most common leukemia in children, is hard to treat and has a five-year survival rate of just 65 to 70%, according to the American Cancer Society. While immunotherapies like monoclonal antibodies or CAR T-cell therapy are effective for certain blood cancers, they have not been possible in AML because of toxicity concerns. It’s been hard to find targets on leukemia cells that normal blood stem cells don’t share, so immunotherapy runs the risk of harming normal cells.